The mechanism of action refers to the specific biochemical interactions through which a substance produces its effects on a living organism. This research area aims to understand and elucidate the precise mechanisms by which drugs, chemicals, or other compounds exert their therapeutic or toxic effects on biological systems. By studying the mechanisms of action, researchers can identify targets for drug development, optimize drug efficacy, and minimize side effects. This field of study often involves a combination of techniques from biochemistry, pharmacology, molecular biology, and other disciplines to unravel the complexities of how substances interact with the body at a molecular level.